The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade
Based on his Harvard University doctoral dissertation, The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870 (1896) was
In SAST's
It behooves the United States. . .in the interest both of scientific truth and of future social reform, carefully to study such chapters of her history as that of the suppression of the slave-trade. The most obvious question which this study suggests is: How far in a State can a recognized moral wrong safely be compromised?
This web page is divided into sections containing links to online resources that pertain to:
* the primary text, including Internet-accessible copies of SAST in various formats;
* book reviews, notes, and notices by contemporaries of Du Bois ;
* contemporary secondary sources from Du Bois' era that refer to the book or his related work, directly or indirectly;
* later secondary sources that refer to SAST directly or indirectly; and
* related works with a bearing on some topic or issue raised in SAST.
LATEST LINK (As of 10 July 2010)
A Review of the Book
THE PRIMARY TEXT
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17700
BOOK REVIEWS, NOTES, AND NOTICES OF SAST
—Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. are about to issue the first volume of a new series of historical works (Harvard Historical Studies), to be published under the direction of the Department of History in Harvard University, entitled "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870," by William E. Burghardt Du Bois, a Negro, twenty-eight years of age, born at Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Mr. Du Bois was educated in the public schools of his home, at Fisk University, Nashville, Tenn., at Harvard University (A.B., '90; A.M., '91; Fellow, '91, '92; Ph.D., '95), and at the University of Berlin, being sent abroad for two years by the Trustees of the John F. Slater Fund, to study history and political science, in 1892-4. On his return he became Professor of Latin in Wilberforce University, Ohio, an African Methodist institution, and the oldest of schools for Negro youth. After two years' service there, he was appointed Assistant in Sociology in the University of Pennsylvania, to take charge of a special investigation into the condition of the Negro people of the city of Philadelphia, and has just entered upon his work in that place.
http://books.google.com/books?id=tJfPAAAAMAAJ...pg=PT251....
The History of the Negro in the United States receives much new light from two recent monographs. The first and more elaborate study is that of Dr. W. E. B. DuBois on "The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870," published by Longmans, Green & Co., as number one of the Harvard Historical Studies. So far as precision and thoroughness of method are concerned, this is by far the best historical treatment of the slave trade that has been written since Hüne's work in 1820. It is of course more limited in scope, and deals not with the rise but the suppression of the trade. Dr. DuBois's researches have been exhaustive and no pains have been spared to make the book convenient and useful. In addition to his narrative he has prepared a complete calendar of all the colonial and national legislation on the slave trade and a long list of "typical" slavery expeditions from 1619 to 1864.
[The note continues with a brief mention of Charles T. Hickok's The Negro in Ohio, 1802-1870 (1896) (Library of Congress bibliographic data)].
http://books.google.com/books?id=w2YCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA316....
This initial volume [of the Harvard Historical Studies] is entitled The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America, 1638-1870, by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, who is a professor in Wilberforce University, an institution devoted to the higher education of the colored race. Dr. Du Bois has shown good judgment in the choice of his subject, and has been most industrious in gathering and arranging his material; for though the substance of his monograph may be reached more succinctly in Lalor's Encyclopaedia of Political Science, he has given a very full array of authorities for all his facts, and has furnished a workmanlike chronological conspectus of colonial, state, national, and international legislation, and a good bibliography. All this apparatus looks well, and Dr. Du Bois has laid students under obligation to him, but his own reasoning and what we may call his hortatory application seem to disclose a lack of appreciation of the subject in its historical proportions. [p.560]
[Various details of the slave trade were recounted; the anonymous author concluded the review as follows:]
[...]
The fact, however, that this amendment [the 13th Amendment ending slavery] was not unanimous, being ratified by only thirty-one out of thirty-six States, and that the Fifteenth Amendment, which was the corollary of it, was ratified by only thirty out of thirty-seven States, shows that the opposition complained of by Dr. Du Bois in the thirteen original States still existed, and that the suppression of slavery and the slave-trade was not such a simple matter as he considers it. Perhaps that is what he means in his closing enigmatical remark: "The riddle of the Sphinx may be postponed, it may be evasively answered; some time it must be fully answered." We suspect he has failed in a satisfactory answer to the historical problem involved in his thesis by trying to isolate it too completely, not only from the institution of slavery and the interstate slave-trade, but frum those considerations of the development of ethics which lie at the basis of all final political action. It is not difficult to establish, for example, a chain of witnesses against African slavery, from Las Casas to Garrison, but it is quite another thing to demonstrate a common consciousness of the evil during the same period. [pp.561-2]
Note 2: "Colored" was not capitalized in the original text. Book titles were not italicized.
Note 3: The multiple volumes of John Joseph Lalor (Editor), Cyclopaedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of the Political History of the United States (various years, 1882-1893) can be accessed at Google Books.
http://digital.library.cornell.edu/. . . .seq=0566;node=atla0079-4%3A16
http://books.google.com/books?id=w2ICAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA560. . . .
CONTEMPORARY SECONDARY SOURCES ON SAST
• "Colonial Social Institutions and Slavery" – p.315
• "Slavery Questions under the Confederation, 1774-1787" – p.320, p.321
• "Territorial and Slavery Questions, 1789-1802" – p.337
Of note, Hart was DuBois' Harvard history professor and for whom these words from SAST were directed: "I desire to express my obligation to Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart, of Harvard University, at whose suggestion I began this work and by whose kind aid and encouragement I have brought it to a close...." [p.vi]
This book has been written almost wholly from public documents, biographies, stories of travellers, and other sources of original information. I am under especial obligations to the work of Professor Du Bois on the suppression of the slave-trade for its full lists of references.... [p.ix]
LATER SECONDARY SOURCES ON OR INVOLVING SAST
http://fulltext10.fcla.edu/. . .sid=05d8d72e1770696440e58fb9b79adefa....
http://www.archives.gov/nae/.../Slave-Trade-Keynote-Address.pdf
(Finkelman's faculty page and his web site).
http://www.uakron.edu/law/lawreview/v42/docs/Finkelman.pdf
RELATED WORKS
http://www.marxists.org/archive/james-clr/works/1939/12/negro-revolution.htm
The Abolition of the Slave Trade presents more than 8,000 pages of original essays, primary documents—books, pamphlets, articles, and illustrations—as well as secondary sources and original maps. The site is organized around eight themes that tell the forgotten story of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade to the United States and, more generally, to the Western Hemisphere. Each theme is presented through an essay, images, and texts.
The themes covered: U.S. Slave Trade; African Resistance; Abolitionism;
3. The political and moral ideas of the age are to be examined in the very closest relation to the economic development.
Politics and morals in the abstract make no sense. We find the British statesmen and publicists defending slavery today, abusing slavery tomorrow, defending slavery the day after. Today they are imperialist, the next day anti-imperialist, and equally pro-imperialist a generation after. And always with the same vehemence. The defence or attack is always on the high moral or political plane. The thing defended or attacked is always something that you can touch and see, to be measured in pounds sterling or pounds avoirdupois, in dollars and cents, yards, feet and inches. This is not a crime. It is a fact. It is understandable at the time. But historians, writing a hundred years after, have no excuse for continuing to wrap the real interests in confusion.[Note removed] Even the great mass movements, and the anti-slavery mass movement was one of the greatest of these, show a curious affinity with the rise and development of new interests and the necessity of the destruction of the old. [Ch.13: 211]
Du Bois in his "Apologia"—an appendix added to the 1954 edition—wrote:
What I needed was to add to my terribly conscientious search into the facts of the slave trade the clear concept of Marx on the class struggle for income and power, beneath which all considerations of right or morals were twisted or utterly crushed. Yet naturally it is too much to ask that I should have been as wise in 1896 as I think I am in 1954. I am proud to see that at the beginning of my career I made no more mistakes than apparently I did.
http://www.archive.org/details/capitalismandsla033027mbp
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