Primary Sources
This page contains links to the freely accessible e-texts of some of W.E.B. Du Bois' writings. I have also included a few secondary sources, such as commentaries and discussions, which concentrate on a particular DuBoisian work. Also, some hyperlinks point to audio and video presentations. In general, the works contained below are arranged in chronological order from earliest to latest.
I do not claim a comprehensive listing here, only that I will add more links as I find them on the Web.
Robert W. Williams [Bio]
LATEST LINK (As of 10 May 2008)
A Primary Source
Below I have posted a link to a page on this site with a 1930 essay by Du Bois entitled "The Negro Citizen".
I do not claim a comprehensive listing here, only that I will add more links as I find them on the Web.
LATEST LINK (As of 10 May 2008)
A Primary Source
http://www.depauw.edu/library/collectiondev/duboisbib.asp
[Detailed listing in English of Du Bois' authored and edited books]
http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/sozwww/agsoe/lexikon/klassiker/dubois/11bib.htm
[very extensive listing]
http://www.libs.uga.edu/gawriters/dubois.html
http://www.founders.howard.edu/Reference/Webliographies/DuBois/
[Also: http://www.howard.edu/library/Reference/Guides/DuBois/default.htm]
http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/collections/dubois/duboisguide.pdf
[Note: 12 MB PDF file]
at the Five College Archives & Manuscript Collections site
http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/ead/dubois.htm
http://webtext.library.yale.edu/xml2html/beinecke.DUBOIS.con.html
My Dear Mr. Washington:
Let me heartlily congratulate you upon your
phenomenal success at Atlanta -- it was a word
fitly spoken.
Sincerely Yours,
W.E.B. Du Bois
Wilberforce, 24 Sept., '95
The Booker T. Washington Era
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart6.html#0606
It behooves the United States. . .in the interest both of scientific truth and of future social reform, carefully to study such chapters of her history as that of the suppression of the slave-trade. The most obvious question which this study suggests is: How far in a State can a recognized moral wrong safely be compromised?
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/17700
http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABK2934-0079-66
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-AtlUniv.html
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/DubFarm.html
In the "Notes" section of The Yale Review, Vol. 6 (February 1898) we find an anonymously written piece, "The Bulletins of the Department of Labor". The one-paragraph note indicates the social-scientific importance of The Negroes of Farmville, Virginia, but does not refer to Du Bois by name (p. 437):
The Bulletins of the Department of Labor for November, 1897, and January, 1898, contain valuable studies of especial classes of the population. The former has articles on the Italians in Chicago, and on the Anthracite Mine Laborers, while the latter treats in a special paper of the Negroes of Farmville. These special studies are a valuable supplement to the general statistics published by the Department of Labor as well as by the Census Bureau for the entire country. Mass figures, if they are to be made of any use, must be interpreted in the light of detailed study of specific classes and localities, and Col. Wright is giving great value to the Bulletin of the Department of Labor by inspiring such investigations. [Note: With the exception of the boldface at the beginning of this short note, nothing else was put in bold or even italic lettering. — RWW]
Page 437 in the full text of the periodical (at Google Books)
http://books.google.com/books?id=SFsCAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA437....
"Interview with Bancroft Winner Melvin Patrick Ely" (dated 23 May 2005):
Dr. Ely [faculty page 1; page 2] discusses the African American town of
http://hnn.us/articles/11823.html
Purchasing Melvin P. Ely's Israel on the Appomattox at Amazon.com (via this
link) will certainly assist me in expanding the webdubois.org site. Thank you.
Robert Williams
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-phila.html
Du Bois read "To the Nations of the World" on the closing day of the conference. The colonial powers were asked to preserve the independence of the free peoples of Africa and African descent, and to treat humanely their subjects in Africa and of African heritage around the world. The address is also notable for the second sentence of its first paragraph (which is quoted in its entirety here):
"In the metropolis of the modern world, in this the closing year of the Nineteenth Century, there has been assembled a Congress of men and women of African blood, to deliberate solemnly upon the present situation and outlook of the darker races of mankind. The problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line, the question as to how far differences of race, which show themselves chiefly in the color of the skin and the texture of the hair, are going to be made, hereafter, the basis of denying to over half the world the right of sharing to their utmost ability the opportunities and privileges of modern civilization."
The "problem of the color line" later appeared in Du Bois' "The Freedmen's Bureau" (1901) and in Chapter 2 of The Souls of Black Folk (1903).
http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/walters/walters.html#walt257
[Alternate web page with DuBois's address]
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-1900exp.html
http://afroamhistory.about.com/library/bldubois_black_north.htm
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-souls.html
http://www.gutenberg.org/.../.../15041-h/15041-h.htm#The_Talented_Tenth
http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=174
http://www.webdubois.org/dbAtlantaConfs.html
(Original citation: Pp. 69-98 in U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of the Census. Negroes in the United States. Bulletin 8. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1904).
Du Bois' piece is the second of two essays plus many pages of data in tabular format -- all of which utilized data from the 1900 U.S. Census (the Twelfth Census). The first essay was written by Walter F. Willcox; it is entitled "The Negro Population" (pp. 11-68) and summarizes demographic and occupational data gathered from the 1900 U.S. Census.
In his essay Du Bois examined a variety of data, including farm distribution by geographic region, the sources of farm income, and the classification of farms by land tenure. He pointed out that in many Southern states Black farmers contributed much to the rural economy, especially through their operation of farms
http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC17432508...&pg=RA1-PA69....
[About-This-Book page at Google Book Search]
[Note 1: The full text is downloadable as a PDF file (approx. 35 MB)]
[Note 2: Du Bois' essay is complete, but the file is missing some pages.]
Charles D. Edgerton. Review of Negroes in the United States. By Walter F. Willcox and W. E. Burghardt Du Bois. Bulletin 8, Bureau of the Census. Washington, 1904 [Citation: Publications of the American Statistical Association, New Series, v. IX, No. 69, (March 1905): 182-191].
In general, Edgerton commended the new data published in the report by Willcox and Du Bois, as well as the useful ways in which the presentation of the data made comparisons over time and region easier (p. 183). He made suggestions about data that should be collected during later censuses. Regarding Du Bois and the necessity for a "textual interpretation" of census data, Edgerton wrote:
No man, perhaps, is better equipped than Professor Du Bois to interpret the economic situation of the negro peasantry. Not so much because he possesses some negro blood, and under our social conventions is accounted a negro. He was born in Massachusetts, not among the cabins of the cotton kingdom; and his spiritual affinity, if not with his white kin rather than his black, is at least with the instructed rather than the simple. But, after his sociological training at Harvard and Berlin, and after his service at the University of Pennsylvania, he turned to work for the negroes of the South. He has studied their condition with a trained eye and a passionate interest. He has been the moving spirit of the Atlanta negro conferences. He has directed the valuable investigations of special topics, such as the college-bred negro, the negro common schools, and negroes in business, the results of which have been published by Atlanta University. His more personal observations and conclusions have been given in various magazines, and in his book, "The Souls of Black Folk." His studies illuminate those data of the agricultural census which most need to be interpreted in the light of facts beyond the field of the enumerator, -- such data as those of ownership, forms of tenancy, and sizes of farms.
[Notes: Quotation is located on pp. 188-189. Also to be stated is that "Negro" was not capitalized in the original. — RWW]
http://books.google.com/...id=2U1EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PPA182.... [Start page]
http://www.library.umass.edu/spcoll/digital/niagara.htm
http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=496
http://www.wfu.edu/users/zulick/341/niagara.html
In this long essay, Du Bois continued his practice of using different publishing venues to communicate information about African Americans, especially the progress made in economic and educational terms as well as the impediments to African American success within U.S. society and politics. He provided an overview of the economic history of blacks in America, first in terms of a slave economy, and later under different forms of tenant farming. He analyzed the negative consequences of the convict labor system, especially with regard to its tendency to undermine the legitimacy of the criminal justice system due to the sham legal proceedings often associated with it (p. 256). Du Bois also offered details on the industrial condition of Blacks with particular emphasis on labor unions and the discriminatory practices of some unions. Turning to political history he covered the long struggle for voting rights and the various ways that African Americans had been hindered from exercising their franchise, including those practiced by state governments. Du Bois explicitly connected race, class, and politics: "[T]he fact that there is in America a proscribed race also makes it easier to proscribe classes, and class privileges are responsible for the fact that Negroes find deaf ears for their wishes." (p. 284)
DuBois ended with a moral appeal grounded in the data that he had presented throughout the essay (p. 287):
The fact of racial antipathy is as old as the interaction of people with one another. But the history of the centuries is the history of the discovery of the human soul and in every age the curse of the average person was his own narrowness, his blindness toward the riches that surrounded him, the notion that his own narrow heart and his small mind are the measure and borders of the universe. Above all in our days we do not want to forget the trivial observation that even in the nooks and alleys, and under threadbare clothing, lay hidden riches and depths of human life that we will perhaps never experience in ourselves.
In the struggle for his human rights the American Negro relies above all on the feeling of justice in the civilized world. We are no barbarians or heathen, we are educable and our education is increasing; our economic abilities have proven themselves. We too want to have our chance in life. Whoever wants to get acquainted with our living conditions, be welcome; we demand nothing other than that one gets acquainted with us honestly and face to face, and does not judge us according to hearsay or according to the verdict of our despisers.
Note by R. Williams:In the struggle for his human rights the American Negro relies above all on the feeling of justice in the civilized world. We are no barbarians or heathen, we are educable and our education is increasing; our economic abilities have proven themselves. We too want to have our chance in life. Whoever wants to get acquainted with our living conditions, be welcome; we demand nothing other than that one gets acquainted with us honestly and face to face, and does not judge us according to hearsay or according to the verdict of our despisers.
Joseph Fracchia [department page] offers us a nicely rendered translation; he appends several translator's endnotes that amplify or clarify several aspects of the original DuBoisian text. The translation is contained within a special issue of the New Centennial Review on Du Bois that is edited by Nahum Dimitri Chandler. Other pieces in this issue are written by Nahum D. Chandler, Hortense J. Spillers, Nicole A. Waligora-Davis, Rebecka Rutledge Fisher, Karen E. Fields, and Jeremy W. Pope. The entire issue and individual articles can be purchased either in print form or else in downloadable PDF files. For purchases one would need first to use the "Table of Contents" drop-down menu list located on the navigation bar and select "Volume 6, Number 3 (2006)". After the contents of that particular issue are displayed, one then can make purchase choices.
[~177 KB]
http://docsouth.unc.edu/church/washdubo/menu.html
[A]s a subtle and far-reaching blend of blood, you have in many great white men this negro element coming in to color and make wonderful the genius which they had -[-] a fact which was as true of Robert Browning and Alexander Hamilton as it was of Lew Wallace and a great many other Americans who may wish to have it forgotten. To train this talent we need colleges. We ask these things not because we want to be helped, but that we may help ourselves."
This, then, is the transformation of the negro in America in fifty years: from slavery to freedom, from 4,000,000 to 10,000,000, from denial of citizenship to enfranchisement, from being owned chattels to ownership of $600,000,000 in property, from unorganized irresponsibility to organized group life, from being spoken for to speaking, from contemptuous forgetfulness on the part of their neighbors to uneasy fear and dawning respect, and from inarticulate complaint to self-expression and dawning consciousness of manhood.
http://partners.nytimes.com/books/00/11/05/specials/dubois-fifty.html
[Booker T. Washington's "Negro Four Years Hence" is also published here.]
http://www.archive.org/details/questofthesilver00duborich [Download page]
http://books.google.com/books?id=imJPevLjEEMC.... [Title page]
"Du Bois the Novelist: White Influence, Black Spirit, and The Quest of the Silver Fleece" by Maurice Lee (African American Review, Fall 1999). Lee writes:
...Du Bois is anchored by "wonderful fact," an apt description for his use of genre in The Quest of the Silver Fleece. On the one hand, he invokes the wonderful
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_3_33/ai_58056036/print
http://digitaldurham.duke.edu/hueism.php?x=printedwork&id=214 [Start page]
http://womenshistory.about.com/.../etext/bl_crisis_1912a.htm?terms=dubois
Sir: Your inauguration to the Presidency of the United States is to the colored people, to the white South and to the nation a momentous occasion.
[Note: the transcription error in the first sentence of the online text has been corrected in the quotation above.]
http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1114
"Du Bois and the Question of the Color Line: Race and Class in the Age of Globalization" by Maulana Karenga (Socialism and Democracy Online, Issue 33 [Vol. 17, No. 1]). Karenga examines Du Bois' "The African Roots of War", among other Du Boisian texts, in order to better situate our current era of globalization within its historical context. According to Karenga, Du Bois set forth several paradoxes in "African Roots":
"The first paradox is the pursuit of peace in the midst of imperialist expansion."
[. . . .]
"The second paradox Du Bois identifies as that of 'democratic despotism,' an ongoing brutal domination masked in the disguise and discourse of democracy.
[. . . .]
[The 3rd is] "the paradox of 'civilized savagery' or savagery in the midst of
claims to civilization."
Karenga also outlines the principles offered by Du Bois through which a more just world can be created. In his words:
"...Du Bois embraces three major initiatives reflective of his commitment to
freedom, justice and equality of the peoples of color and humanity as a whole.
These are socialism, the peace movement, and Pan-Africanism."
http://sdonline.org/33/maulana_karenga.htm
[. . . .] If we turn to easily available statistics we find that instead of the women of this country or of any other country being confined chiefly to childbearing they are as a matter of fact engaged and engaged successfully in practically every pursuit in which men are engaged. The actual work of the world today depends more largely upon women than upon men. Consequently this man-ruled world faces an astonishing dilemma: either Woman the Worker is doing the world's work successfully or not. If she is not doing it well why do we not take from her the necessity of working? If she is doing it well why not treat her as a worker with a voice in the direction of work?
The statement that woman is weaker than man is sheer rot: It is the same sort of thing that we hear about "darker races" and "lower classes." Difference, either physical or spiritual, does not argue weakness or inferiority.
The statement that woman is weaker than man is sheer rot: It is the same sort of thing that we hear about "darker races" and "lower classes." Difference, either physical or spiritual, does not argue weakness or inferiority.
www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/164.html
[ Another site for Du Bois' essay: Alternate ]
http://nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca/...library...HASH013a0e32d42802eeef902fb9
[ Alternate web site for Millers' essay: Site ]
http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/15359
[Access to the NY Times web site may require free registration]
http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/05/specials/dubois-negro.html
[Project Gutenberg text]
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/13642/13642-h/13642-h.htm#a2-6-1
"The Heart of the World" is an unpublished version of an Afterword written by Robert Gregg for a University of Pennsylvania edition of The Negro
http://loki.stockton.edu/~greggr/heart.htm
"We must defend ourselves, our homes, our wives and children against the
lawless without stint or hesitation: but we must carefully and scrupulously
avoid on our own part bitter and unjustifiable aggression against anybody."
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5128/
This collection of DuBois' essays and short fictional works offers compelling ideas about a range of topics, including democracy, women's issues, and the idea of whiteness, among others.
Table of Contents for Darkwater:
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-darkwater.html
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/harlem/DubGiftF.html
Aljenfawi, Khaled. 2005. "Art as Propaganda: Didacticism and Lived Experience." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History, January.
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SAF/is_1_29/ai_n12417355/
Schuyler, George S. 1926. "The Negro-Art Hokum."
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5129/
[Another online site]
Hughes, Langston. 1926. "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain."
http://www.thenation.com/docprint.mhtml?i=19260623&s=hughes
[Other online sites: first, second, and third]
http://dli.iiit.ac.in/. . ./152796_OU_What_The_Negro_Wants [Citation page]
http://dli.iiit.ac.in/. . ./. . ./. . .barcode=152796 [Start page for text]
* Note 1: Du Bois' essay begins on page 63 of the digital document.
* Note 2: the default setting of the viewer at the Digital Library of India is to display a TIFF image file, which on my computer pops up a dialogue box asking how I wish to access the TIFF file. I cancel this dialog box and, from the viewer interface, I select "HTML" from a drop-down menu box containing possible viewing formats.
* Note 3: This anthology also contains essays by Mary McLeod Bethune, Sterling A. Brown, Gordon B. Hancock, Leslie Pinckney Hill, Langston Hughes, Rayford W. Logan, Frederick D. Patterson, A. Philip Randolph, George S. Schuyler, Willard S. Townsend, Charles H. Wesley, Doxey A. Wilkerson, and Roy Wilkins.
If you would like to buy the book, What the Negro Wants (University of Notre Dame), you might consider ordering a copy from *Amazon.com* by clicking here. Webdubois.org would benefit from a small, but greatly valued fee; it would be used to maintain the site. Many thanks.
Robert Williams
http://www.monthlyreview.org/0403dubois.htm
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_11_54/ai_100389494/print
http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n1_v41/ai_7576185/print
www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/amersocialist/amersoc_5601-a.htm
In 1956, I shall not go to the polls. I have not registered. I believe that democracy has so far disappeared in the United States that no "two evils" exist. There is but one evil party with two names, and it will be elected despite all I can do or say. There is no third party. On the Presidential ballot in a few states (seventeen in 1952), a "Socialist" Party will appear. Few will hear its appeal because it will have almost no opportunity to take part in the campaign and explain its platform. If a voter organizes or advocates a real third-party movement, he may be accused of seeking to overthrow this government by "force and violence." Anything he advocates by way of significant reform will be called "Communist"....
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/classes/....LetterOfApplicationToTheCommunistParty
"Dr. W. E. B. Du Bois Joins Communist Party at 93" -- a New York Times article by Peter Kihss published on 23 November 1961
http://partners.nytimes.com/books/00/11/05/specials/dubois-communist.html
http://www.webdubois.org/wdb-ency.html
The full citation is: Du Bois, W. E. B. 1968. The Autobiography of W.E.B. DuBois: A Soliloquy on Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century. NY: International Publishers.
http://media.pfeiffer.edu/lridener/DSS/#dubois
[Now defunct URL: <http://www2.pfeiffer.edu/~lridener/DSS/INDEX.HTML#dubois>]
http://www.bolender.com/Sociological%20Theory/DuBois
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